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Agrostis sandwicensis

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Agrostis

bentgrass

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect, cespitose perennials.

Stems: Culms (stems) solitary or a few clustered together, 15–30 cm tall, glabrous.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades, linear, usually 5–10 cm long, 1–2 mm wide near base. Apex acuminate. Surfaces scabrous. Margins often becoming involute upon drying. Veins parallel. Sheaths with margins overlapping, glabrous; ligule membranous, 2–3 mm long, margins erose, apex rounded to acute. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences paniculate, terminal, cylindrical, 8–12 cm long, often not fully emergent from the subtending sheath, the branches stiffly ascending and closely appressed to the rachis, clothed with spikelets from apex to base, glabrous to densely scabrous. Spikelets numerous, slightly laterally compressed, occurring only on upper ⅔ of branches, rachilla vestigial, apex modified into a set of bristles, callus laterally subtended by a small tuft of hairs on each side; glumes 2, often tinged purple, 3–4.5 mm long, unequal, entirely enclosing the floret, scabrous on and near the midrib, glabrous toward margins, second glume 0.5–1 mm shorter than first glume, distinctly keeled and scabrous, surface glabrous to distinctly scabrous, nerves obscure, apex acuminate; lemma chartaceous to membranous, 2–3 mm long, 7–nerved, the central nerve separating ca. ⅓ above base as an awn, the awn 0.5–2.5 mm long, slightly geniculate, usually not exceeding apex of lemma, marginal nerves not always extending to apex, glabrous, scabrous on upper ½ of lemma where nerves are raised, callus subtended by a tuft of hairs on either side of base of lemma margin, apex rounded to acute, usually 4 nerves prolonged as short teeth, awn geniculate, 3–4 mm long, slightly scabrous; palea vestigial, present as a membranous flap ca. 0.5 mm long. Stamens 3. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Caryopsis brown; cylindrical; 1–1.5 mm long; 0.1–0.3 mm wide.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring primarily in dry; well–drained areas such as subalpine cinder fields; but also reported from O'ahu by Hillebrand (1888); occurring also in open bogs on Pu'ukukui and Mt. Eke; Maui.

Elevation Range: (550–)1,190–3,540 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Extirpated
O'ahu Extirpated
Molokai Extirpated
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 515 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1492 (O? [reported by Hillebrand in 1888, no spm. found], M, H); Herbst & Clayton 1998:18 (K, KEY); Faccenda 2025b:112 (O†, 1871; Mo†, 1909); Rock s.n. BISH 117779 (K†, 1916)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Agrostis sandwicensis Crater Rim Road Drive down road about 1.3 mi past Volcano Observatory. On high pahoehoe roadbank at right of road is a large stone marker located about 200 m from roadside. Plant was about 60 m from stone marker. (plot 51) Growing in a crevice. Metrosideros - native shrub - scattered lichen community on ash-covered pahoehoe lava. Preserved_Specimen Grass about 1 feet tall Newell, C.L. 443 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-01
2 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Crater, 1/4 mi NE of Puu Nole Dry, open cinders. Preserved_Specimen Tufts St.John, H. 21259 Maui BISH 1945-09-01
3 Agrostis sandwicensis Keauhou Ranch (TK-J), Kau district Rocky a'a slope with open Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Bunchgrass, 2 ft. tall ESP Field Crew 104 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-10
4 Agrostis sandwicensis Hamakua, ~0.8 km SE of Puu Koohi, 2.3 km N of Puu Kahuku ash, aa; Sophora chrysophylla, Myoporum sandwicense, Eragrostis Preserved_Specimen Close, B. 10951 Hawaii BISH 1995-10-03
5 Agrostis sandwicensis North Kona S slope of Hualalai Forested aa flow Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. Hawaii BISH 1922-09-23
6 Agrostis sandwicensis Kilauea Brown's Ranch, Mauna Loa In shade under lehua trees. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1438 Hawaii BISH 1936-07-07
7 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Crater Rim of Haleakala Crater between Rest House and summit Cinder beds Preserved_Specimen Infl. green Fosberg, F.R. 9949 Maui BISH 1933-08-22
8 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Crater, 1/4 mi NE of Puu Nole Dry, open cinders. Preserved_Specimen Tufts St.John, H. 21259 Maui BISH 1945-09-01
9 Agrostis sandwicensis Drive up Mauna Loa Strip Road about 0.5 miles from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway. Plant was about 25 m to right side (342 degrees) of road. (plot 18) Metrosideros - native shrub - lichen community on pahoehoe lava Preserved_Specimen Grass about 3 feet tall Newell, C.L. 9 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-06
10 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Loa Southwest flank of Mauna Loa, in the ahupuaa of Manuka Closed Metrosideros forest on unweathered aa, with Nephrolepis, Eupatorium, Canthium, Myrsine, Psychotria, and Rubus Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6190 Hawaii BISH 1977-06-27
11 Agrostis sandwicensis W Maui, Eke Crater In bog turf. Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 338 Maui BISH 1982-11-09
12 Agrostis sandwicensis Kau District, Keauhou Ranch Common on pahoehoe substrate in open Metrosideros scrub with native shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Bunchgrass 2 ft. tall. Cuddihy, L.W. 185 Hawaii BISH 1980-02-06
13 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Kea N slope Sandy spots among lava Preserved_Specimen Bunches as much as 30 cm in diameter Hitchcock, A.S. 14298 Hawaii BISH 1916-08-23
14 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Kea N Hilo, Humuula In mamane tree pasture Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1609 Hawaii BISH 1936-09-12
15 Agrostis sandwicensis Puu Kukui Open bog. Preserved_Specimen Faccenda det: lemma awned from halfway up back. Palea ca 7mm lemma 2.4 mm Herbst, D.R. 1324 Maui BISH 1968-11-28
16 Agrostis sandwicensis Drive up Mauna Loa Strip Road about 0.5 miles from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway. Plant was about 25 meters to right side (342 degrees) of road. (plot 18) Metrosideros - native shrub - lichen community on pahoehoe lava Preserved_Specimen Grass about 2.5 feet tall Newell, C.L. 8 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-06
17 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala National Park S side of White Hill, W crater rim Barren, rocky-cinder area Preserved_Specimen In scattered clumps Higashino, P.K. 709 Maui BISH 1975-06-14
18 Agrostis sandwicensis W Maui, Lahaina District, Kauaula Valley, along SE rim Vegetation: Shrubland with Metrosideros, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Carex, Morelotia, Eragrostis, Trisetum, Deschampsia, Vaccinium, Luzula, Dubautia, Lysimachia, Lycopodiella, Polypodium, Bidens, Lepisorus, Dianella. Preserved_Specimen Clumping grass. Oppenheimer, H.L. 80633 Maui BISH 2006-08-23
19 Agrostis sandwicensis Drive to end of Mauna Loa Strip Road (about 10 milies). Walk about 0.5 mi up Mauna Loa Summit Trail to altitude of 2030 mn, just before fence with gate. Plant was about 20 m to left of trail; a small lava tube at left of trail (plot 17) Subalpine Metrosideros - Sophora - native shrub community. Preserved_Specimen Grass about 1 foot tall Newell, C.L. 70 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-18
20 Agrostis sandwicensis Kilauea Crater Open sandy slope Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14604 Hawaii BISH 1916-09-08
21 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Loa E side of Mauna Loa Abundant Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. Hawaii BISH 1922-09-16
22 Agrostis sandwicensis W Maui, Puukukui Open bog Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 920 Maui BISH 1948-06-29
23 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Crater, 1/4 mi NE of Puu Nole Dry, open cinders. Preserved_Specimen Tufts St.John, H. 21259 Maui BISH 1945-09-01
24 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala summit Summit Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8508 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
25 Agrostis sandwicensis Puu Ulaula Abundant along trail is ash areas. Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 765 Hawaii BISH 1943-08-12
26 Agrostis sandwicensis Keauhou Ranch, (T-KM), Kau district Open Metrosideros-native shrubs scrub. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 7 Hawaii BISH 1979-10-23
27 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Near Silversword Lodge Open scrub Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23771 Maui BISH 1954-08-03
28 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala At Univ. of Hawaii Observatory Barren cinder, lava bombs and ash field, with scattered Railliardia menziesii, Tetramolopium humile, and Deschampsia australis haleakalensis, Trisetum glomeratum (on rd.) and Agrostis sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Tussock grass Iltis, H.H. 529 Maui BISH 1969-07-20
29 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Loa 3.25 mi along Mauna Loa Trail to Puu Ulaula Rest House In slight bowl to left of trail in dry rocky soil in shade of shrubs; associated with scattered Coprosma montana, Dodonaea viscosa, Styphelia, Argyroxiphium. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 254 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-14
30 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Crater in silversword loop Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 3064 Maui BISH 1973-08-10
31 Agrostis sandwicensis W Maui, Puu Kukui, near summit of Puu Kukui Open bog Preserved_Specimen Culms single or few in a tuft Hitchcock, A.S. 14729 Maui BISH 1916-09-24
32 Agrostis sandwicensis Puu Hualalai Kaupulehu Crevices of lava Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11416 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-30
33 Agrostis sandwicensis W Maui West Maui; Puu Kukui Trail near transect station T4.36 Surrounding vegetation is consistent with an Ohi'a/Kuolohia/Oreobolus Mixed Bog Preserved_Specimen Meidell, J.S. 150 Maui BISH 1996-09-30
34 Agrostis sandwicensis W Maui, Puukukui Growing in the open low bogs Preserved_Specimen An erect clump grass Hobdy, R.W. 671 Maui BISH 1979-08-17
35 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Kea W side of Mauna Kea Limit of higher vegetation Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. Hawaii BISH 1922-09-28
36 Agrostis sandwicensis Kilauea Caldera Near pali above Kilauea Caldera, off Crater Rim road at the S.W. rift, Kau Desert Sparse Styphalia, Dodonaea, Vaccinium vegatation. Preserved_Specimen Relatively rare clump grass to 80 cm. Stemmermann, R.L. 7193 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-21
37 Agrostis sandwicensis Rim of Haleakala Crater Between Rest House and summit Cinder slopes Preserved_Specimen Infl. purplish Fosberg, F.R. 9951 Maui BISH 1933-08-22
38 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Univ. of Hawaii Observatory Barren cinder, lava bombs and ash field, with scattered Railliardia menziesii, Tetramolopium humile, and Deschampsia australis haleakalensis, Trisetum glomeratum (on rd.) and Agrostis sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 537 Maui BISH 1967-08-07
39 Agrostis sandwicensis North Hilo district Kahinahina silversword exclosure, Mauna Kea Scattered mamane trees; frequent grass on hot, dry exposed areas Preserved_Specimen Gustafson, R. 2414 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-22
40 Agrostis sandwicensis Kipahulu Near the N rim of Kipahulu In center of an immense bog with sedges, Deschampsia, Styphelia, Panicum spp., Rhacomitrium Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 435 Maui BISH 1973-08-13
41 Agrostis sandwicensis Laumaia Near tree line Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. 862 Hawaii BISH 1935-08-18
42 Agrostis sandwicensis Pohakuloa Gulch Near a small spring Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Hawaii BISH 1990-05-28
43 Agrostis sandwicensis Flow of 1852 Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 960 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-27
44 Agrostis sandwicensis North Kona S slope of Hualalai Forested `a`a flow Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. Hawaii BISH 1922-09-28
45 Agrostis sandwicensis W Maui, Summit of Mt. Eke Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16001 Maui BISH 1918-09-05
46 Agrostis sandwicensis Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 75 Hawaii BISH 1851-01-01
47 Agrostis sandwicensis East Maui, Hana District, above Wai Anapanapa Lake on main trail Native subalpine mesic shrubland dominated with Sadleria, Vaccinium. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2124 Maui BISH 2001-10-25
48 Agrostis sandwicensis Hamakua, ~0.3 km E of Redleg trail, and ~3.35 km N of Puu Koli pahoehoe; Styphelia tameiameiae, Dodonaea viscosa, Dubautia ciliolata, Tetramolopium humile Preserved_Specimen Douglas, P. 109512 Hawaii BISH 1995-10-26
49 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Rim of Haleakala Crater between Rest House and summit Cinder slope Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9951 Maui BISH 1933-08-22
50 Agrostis sandwicensis W Maui, Eke Crater Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 339 Maui BISH 1982-11-09
51 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Kaeanae Gap, Halehaku Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1048 Maui BISH 1919-08-03
52 Agrostis sandwicensis South Kona Mamani Trail Preserved_Specimen Erect bunch grass Hobdy, R.W. Hawaii BISH 1977-12-29
53 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8508 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
54 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Kea Waikahalulu Gulch Preserved_Specimen McEldowney, H. 27 Hawaii BISH 1976-09-01
55 Agrostis sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
56 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Kea Foot of highest peak, in crevice Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. 790 Hawaii BISH 1935-08-12
57 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Kea Slopes of Mauna Kea (Waiki) Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 474 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
58 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Summit of Haleakal Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8512 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
59 Agrostis sandwicensis Kau desert Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12580 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-01
60 Agrostis sandwicensis Hawaii National Park; Puu Ulaula Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 765 Hawaii BISH 1943-08-12
61 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Kea Humuula Trail to summit of Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 850 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-14
62 Agrostis sandwicensis Halekala, Leleiwi Pali Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620415029 Maui BISH 1962-04-15
63 Agrostis sandwicensis E. Maui, Kahikinui, between Kepuni and Manawainui drainages, S. slope. Preserved_Specimen Holt, R.A. 120 Maui BISH 1981-10-23
64 Agrostis sandwicensis Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 561 Hawaii BISH 1919-07-01
65 Agrostis sandwicensis E of Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 771 Maui BISH 1919-07-15
66 Agrostis sandwicensis 1855 flow near Halealoha Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 788 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-09
67 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Crater of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1094 Maui BISH 1919-08-09
68 Agrostis sandwicensis East Maui, E of Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 720 Maui BISH 1919-07-11
69 Agrostis sandwicensis Honokahau Drainage Basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 383 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
70 Agrostis sandwicensis East of Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 854 Maui BISH 1919-07-19
71 Agrostis sandwicensis Summit of Mt. Haleakala, E. Maui Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16004 Maui BISH 1918-09-02
72 Agrostis sandwicensis Halemauu Trail to Crater Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620415032 Maui BISH 1962-04-15
73 Agrostis sandwicensis East Maui, Summit of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16004 Maui BISH 1919-09-02
74 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Kea Foot of highest peak, in crevice Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. 789 Hawaii BISH 1935-08-12
75 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. Maui BISH 1909-08-09
76 Agrostis sandwicensis Maui Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH
77 Agrostis sandwicensis Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Hawaii BISH 1928-08-01
78 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Keanae Gap, Halehaku Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1048 Maui BISH 1919-08-03
79 Agrostis sandwicensis East maui, hana rainforest, shrubland above wainapanapa lake on trail to grasslands fence Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2124 Maui BISH 2001-10-25
80 Agrostis sandwicensis East Maui, Haleakala, W Slope Cinder slopes. Preserved_Specimen Both color forms apparently in flower at the relative same time & growing within 10-15' of one another. Medeiros, A.C. 492 Maui BISH 1983-08-18
81 Agrostis sandwicensis Walk about 1 mile up Mauna Loa Summit Trail to altitude of 2135 m. Plant was on west (left side) of trail at 7000 ft. elevation sign, about 0.5 mi. past the fence with gate. (plot 16) Subalpine Metrosideros - shrub community on aa lava. Preserved_Specimen Grass about 1 foot tall Newell, C.L. 212 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-29
82 Agrostis sandwicensis East Maui, Haleakala Crater, 2-1/2 mi W of Paliku Cabins Common on crater floor Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3942 Maui BISH 1969-07-20
83 Agrostis sandwicensis In the crater of Haleakala In sand Preserved_Specimen Infl. purplish Cranwell, L.M. 2818 Maui BISH 1938-08-04
84 Agrostis sandwicensis North side of Saddle Rd. at mile marker 21 from Hilo In pioneer to medium height Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 3620 Hawaii BISH 1982-11-08
85 Agrostis sandwicensis Kauaula, SE rim mesic forest, steep to vertical rocky slopes; 30% Metrosideros, 5-7 m, 10% Dodonaea viscosa 3-4 m, 10% Coprosma foliosa, 2 m, 5% Pipturus albidus, 3 m, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Dianella sandwicensis, Dicranopteris linearis, Bidens micrantha, Neraudia melastomifolia Preserved_Specimen few culms; spiklets green yellow Wood, K.R. 12079 Maui BISH 2006-08-23
86 Agrostis sandwicensis Puu Nianiau, Haleakala Occ. in rocky places Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1771 Maui BISH 1937-01-28
87 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Kea Scattered in cinder and boulders with Geranium cuneatum var. hololeucum and Styphelia. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1712 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-17
88 Agrostis sandwicensis Kilauea Crater Open sandy slope Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14604 Hawaii BISH 1916-09-08
89 Agrostis sandwicensis West Maui, ridge S of Eke with Metrosideros polymorpha, Cyanea, Carex montis-eeka, Argyroxiphium caliginis; bog Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 149 Maui BISH 1996-08-28
90 Agrostis sandwicensis Kiilae South Kona In koa forest. On aa, dry place. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1511 Hawaii BISH 1936-08-21
91 Agrostis sandwicensis Mauna Loa Above Kulani Upper scrub Preserved_Specimen Christ, J.H. 16 Hawaii BISH 1957-04-24
92 Agrostis sandwicensis Haleakala Univ. of Hawaii Observatory Barren cinder, lava bombs and ash field, with scattered Railliardia menziesii, Tetramolopium humile, and Deschampsia australis haleakalensis, Trisetum glomeratum (on rd.) and Agrostis sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 537 Maui BISH 1967-08-07
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